{"id":39310,"date":"2024-11-05T13:28:27","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T21:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/?p=39310"},"modified":"2024-11-05T13:28:27","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T21:28:27","slug":"reading-the-gospels-in-cape-town","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/reading-the-gospels-in-cape-town\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading the Gospels in Cape Town"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 id=\"h.gauhypdu9nzo\" class=\"c13\"><span class=\"c11\">What I Believe Through Story<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"c9\">My understanding of slavery and colonialism has been shaped over the years through the lens of literature\u2014both as a student of English literature and as a teacher of it. Writers like George Orwell,<sup><a id=\"ftnt_ref1\" href=\"#ftnt1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Malcolm X,<sup><a id=\"ftnt_ref2\" href=\"#ftnt2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Maya Angelou, Russell Baker, and Flannery O\u2019Connor<sup><a id=\"ftnt_ref3\" href=\"#ftnt3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"c0\">\u00a0illuminated the complex dynamics of colonialism, revealing the ways in which oppressive systems force conformity and suppress authentic human freedom. O&#8217;Connor, in particular, was instrumental in helping me see past the surface of religious oppression, showing that beneath the fa\u00e7ade of authority often lies confusion and indecision. Stories and books have been my teachers in this journey of understanding, offering both knowledge and empathy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c9\">One of the most profound sources of learning came from\u00a0<span class=\"c4\">Barracoon: The Story of the Last \u201cBlack Cargo\u201d<\/span><sup class=\"c4\"><a id=\"ftnt_ref4\" href=\"#ftnt4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0by Zora Neale Hurston. Hurston recounts the harrowing experiences of Oluale Kossola (who later took the name Cudjo Lewis), one of the last survivors of the transatlantic slave trade. Kossola\u2019s firsthand account, detailing his capture by an African tribe and his six-week journey across the Atlantic on the last slave ship,\u00a0<span class=\"c4\">Clotilda<\/span><span class=\"c0\">, brought the brutal realities of slavery to life in a deeply personal and painful way. It is through these stories that I have come to better understand the systemic and individual horrors of slavery.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h.d5pwedhy6keh\" class=\"c13\"><span class=\"c11\">What I Believe Theologically<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"c9\">The theological dimension of slavery is one I\u2019ve wrestled with over the years, particularly through the biblical story of Joseph. Sold into slavery by his own brothers, Joseph\u2019s journey is marked by betrayal, suffering, and eventual redemption. His famous words to his brothers\u2014\u201cYou meant evil against me, but God meant it for good, to bring it about that many people should be kept alive\u201d<sup><a id=\"ftnt_ref5\" href=\"#ftnt5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"c0\">\u2014speak to a profound mystery of divine Providence in the face of human evil. Though slavery is depicted in the Bible in ways that acknowledge its brutal and dehumanizing nature, it also highlights God\u2019s ability to bring about deliverance. The Exodus story, in which God frees the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, is a powerful reminder of Divine intervention in the face of systemic oppression.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c9\"><span class=\"c0\">As I reflect on modern-day instances of slavery, such as sex trafficking, I often pray for the same kind of deliverance God brought to the Israelites. This is not just a historical event for me\u2014it is a living hope for freedom and justice in the world today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c9\">I grew up in a community where the horror of slavery and genocide was discussed openly. My family often spoke of the Holocaust and the transatlantic slave trade, and my teachers and professors helped me see the deep sinfulness of slavery in American history. In a previous\u00a0<span class=\"c10\"><a class=\"c15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/how-can-we-speak-of-these-things\/&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1730845068041290&amp;usg=AOvVaw2UVx0oYPmcEbDobfDYCIBj\">post<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c0\">, I shared how the Holocaust affected my family\u2014particularly my grandfather\u2019s mental health and my mother\u2019s emotional well-being. If I never read a single passage of Scripture, I would still be convicted that slavery and colonialism are among the most destructive forces in history. These practices have interrupted the course of entire peoples\u2019 histories, robbing them of inheritance, wealth, and familial bonds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c9\"><span class=\"c0\">When considering historical suffering, I often reflect on the many groups who have endured persecution, and I recognize that comparisons between different peoples\u2019 suffering can be complex. For example, while the Jewish people faced horrific persecution during the Holocaust, other groups have also experienced immense pain and loss:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c14 lst-kix_y4syrlsl22i3-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Armenians during the Armenian Genocide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Rohingya Muslims enduring ethnic cleansing in Myanmar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Indigenous peoples of the Americas, whose cultures were decimated by colonization.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Tutsi during the Rwandan Genocide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Africans, who were displaced by the transatlantic slave trade, particularly from West and Central Africa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Asian communities, including those from India and Southeast Asia, who were subjected to forms of slavery as indentured servants during colonial times.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"h.hs641cwabr5s\" class=\"c13\"><span class=\"c11\">A Shift in Perspective: Reparations and Forgiveness<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"c9\">For a long time, I struggled with the idea that reparations or forgiveness could truly heal the deep wounds inflicted by slavery and colonialism. I felt that no act of recompense could fully restore what was lost. However, my time in Cape Town, South Africa, while reading the Gospel of Matthew and Desmond Tutu\u2019s\u00a0<span class=\"c4\">The Book of Joy<\/span><sup class=\"c4\"><a id=\"ftnt_ref6\" href=\"#ftnt6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"c0\"> changed my perspective. Tutu writes, \u201cThe world is getting better. Think about the rights of women or how slavery was considered morally justified a few hundred years ago. We are growing and learning how to be compassionate, how to be caring, how to be human.\u201d This recognition of progress, coupled with Tutu\u2019s message of hope and reconciliation, has helped me see that while the wounds of history may never fully be healed, there is still room for healing through forgiveness, empathy, justice, and compassion. Is not this what we believe as the central theme of Jesus\u2019 Gospel?<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h.c4k1te4jasj6\" class=\"c13\"><span class=\"c11\">A Humble Reckoning<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"c9\">I must acknowledge that my understanding of such complex and painful topics is limited. As I read the scholarly works of Nigel Biggar\u2019s\u00a0<em><span class=\"c4\">Colonialism: A Moral Reckoning<\/span><\/em><sup class=\"c4\"><a id=\"ftnt_ref7\" href=\"#ftnt7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and Jeremy Black\u2019s\u00a0<em><span class=\"c4\">Slavery: A New Global History<\/span>,<\/em><sup><a id=\"ftnt_ref8\" href=\"#ftnt8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"c0\">\u00a0I feel as if I am treading on holy ground. These books, though dense and difficult, continue to challenge and refine my beliefs. It is through the lens of Desmond Tutu\u2019s compassion and hope that I can now say that the books I\u2019ve read this week either confirm or challenge my beliefs about slavery and colonialism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c9\"><em><span class=\"c0\">What Confirms My Beliefs:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c14 lst-kix_q402uizbzoim-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Large scale Christian abolitionism started to take hold in the seventh century and as Christianity spread through Europe, slavery was effectively eliminated. \u00a0As slavery exploded, Black writes how the influential Methodist leader John Wesley strongly attacked both slavery and the slave trade. In his highly influential book, <em>Thoughts upon Slavery,<\/em> Wesley fought for human rights universally. \u00a0Black also notes that it was Wesley\u2019s dying message to William Wilberforce that urged Wilberforce to not give up the fight to end slavery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Even though Christianity was at all time low, church attendance sparse and preaching poor in Britain between 1562-1807, William Wilberforce was like Moses delivering God\u2019s people.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"c9\"><span class=\"c0\">Much like Moses, Desmond Tutu or John Wesley, William Wilberforce confirms my hope and beliefs that God still delivers his people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c9\"><em><span class=\"c0\">What Counters My Beliefs:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c14 lst-kix_tv7k2z7kqgov-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c0\">Nigel Biggar\u2019s central thesis certainly runs counter to my beliefs: the British Empire was not entirely racist, exploitative or violent. \u00a0His premise is a more positive story than what anti-colonists want to hear. \u00a0Because of what I read in the literature I cite at the beginning of my post\u2013particularly George Orwell\u2013Biggar\u2019s quoting of India\u2019s Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh saying India\u2019s judiciary, legal, and police are all great institutions derived from British-Indian administration absolutely runs counter to my beliefs. \u00a0I feel confused about this as I do not have first hand experience with anyone living in India\u2013only the stories I\u2019ve read by authors I trust.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c3 li-bullet-0\">Biggar differentiates between \u201crights\u201d in certain cases and wants to talk more about \u201cjustice&#8221;. \u00a0He writes, \u201cJustice varies according to circumstances. What is just in an abundant environment with a small population is not just in the same environment with a large population or depleted resources.\u201d<sup><a id=\"ftnt_ref9\" href=\"#ftnt9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"c0\">\u00a0 He is saying that if an injustice is done in the past, reversing it may not achieve justice in the present. Where this counters my beliefs is that the Church must face its moral failures as many Christians have sinned with respect to slavery\u2013but many like Desmond Tutu exercised justice that helped free victims of an oppressive and dehumanizing institution. \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"c9\"><span class=\"c0\">In the end, my views on these subjects are shaped by both my personal journey and Scripture; and they continue to evolve. While in Cape Town, we listened to the court hearings Tutu facilitated; I would never read Matthew 18 the same again. The stories I read, the voices I listen to, and the history I study all converge to deepen my understanding of the complexities of human suffering, redemption, and the ongoing need for justice in our world.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr class=\"c8\" \/>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt1\" href=\"#ftnt_ref1\">[1]<\/a><span class=\"c6\">\u00a0Orwell, George.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c6 c4\">Shooting An Elephant<\/span><span class=\"c2\">. London: Penguin Classic, 2009.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c1\">\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt2\" href=\"#ftnt_ref2\">[2]<\/a><span class=\"c6\">\u00a0X, MALCOLM, and M. S. Handler.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c6 c4\">The Autobiography of Malcolm X<\/span><span class=\"c2\">. Reprint edition. Ballantine Books, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c1\">\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt3\" href=\"#ftnt_ref3\">[3]<\/a><span class=\"c6\">\u00a0O\u2019Connor, Flannery.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c6 c4\">Flannery O\u2019Connor\u202f: Collected Works\u202f: Wise Blood \/ A Good Man Is Hard to Find \/ The Violent Bear It Away \/ Everything That Rises Must Converge \/ Essays &amp; Letters<\/span><span class=\"c2\">. First Edition. New York, NY: Library of America, 1988.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c1\">\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt4\" href=\"#ftnt_ref4\">[4]<\/a><span class=\"c6\">\u00a0Hurston, Zora Neale, Deborah G. Plant, and Alice Walker.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c6 c4\">Barracoon: The Story of the Last \u201cBlack Cargo.\u201d<\/span><span class=\"c2\">\u00a0Reprint edition. Amistad, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c1\">\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt5\" href=\"#ftnt_ref5\">[5]<\/a><span class=\"c2\">\u00a0Genesis 50:20.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt6\" href=\"#ftnt_ref6\">[6]<\/a><span class=\"c6\">\u00a0Lama, Dalai, Desmond Tutu, and Douglas Carlton Abrams.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c6 c4\">The Book of Joy: Lasting Happiness in a Changing World<\/span><span class=\"c2\">. Large type \/ Large print edition. Random House Large Print, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c1\">\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt7\" href=\"#ftnt_ref7\">[7]<\/a><span class=\"c6\">\u00a0Biggar, Nigel.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c6 c4\">Colonialism: A Moral Reckoning<\/span><span class=\"c2\">. London: William Collins, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c1\">\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt8\" href=\"#ftnt_ref8\">[8]<\/a><span class=\"c6\">\u00a0Black, Jeremy.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c6 c4\">A Brief History of Slavery<\/span><span class=\"c2\">. Philadelphia\u202f: London: Running Press, 2011.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c1\">\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"c5\"><a id=\"ftnt9\" href=\"#ftnt_ref9\">[9]<\/a><span class=\"c2\">\u00a0P. 281.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What I Believe Through Story My understanding of slavery and colonialism has been shaped over the years through the lens of literature\u2014both as a student of English literature and as a teacher of it. Writers like George Orwell,[1]\u00a0Malcolm X,[2]\u00a0Maya Angelou, Russell Baker, and Flannery O\u2019Connor[3]\u00a0illuminated the complex dynamics of colonialism, revealing the ways in which [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":180,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3352,3351,3353,1300,2316,3279],"class_list":["post-39310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-confirm","tag-counter","tag-scripture","tag-colonialism","tag-forgiveness","tag-slavery","cohort-dlgp02"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/180"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39310"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39312,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39310\/revisions\/39312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}