{"id":36584,"date":"2024-03-13T08:21:43","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T15:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/?p=36584"},"modified":"2024-03-20T06:47:41","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T13:47:41","slug":"reflections-stereotype-threat-and-unconscious-bias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/reflections-stereotype-threat-and-unconscious-bias\/","title":{"rendered":"Reflections: Stereotype Threat and Unconscious Bias"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Reading <em>Sway: Unravelling Unconscious Bias<\/em> by Dr. Pragya Agarwal, is a reflective process. It&#8217;s uncomfortable discussing bias due to my intersecting identities as a Caucasian American woman. I&#8217;m feeling awkward acknowledging the unconscious bias I experience as a female and as a former expatriate, while simultaneously feeling regretful of my unintentional biases. I\u2019m painfully aware of the adjustments I\u2019ve made to avoid getting hurt and how my silence may have impacted others. I relate to Agarwal\u2019s personal story of losing part of her own identity and sense of belonging when faced with the unconscious biases of others.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Agarwal writes, \u201cAwareness is always the first step. Only then can we address it.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dr. Agarwal utilized multiple stories, theories, studies, and brain science to explain unconscious bias. I found this condensed definition helpful. The <em>Dictionary of Organizational Behavior <\/em>defines unconscious bias as, \u201cThe bias we bring into our judgements and decision-making without realizing we are doing so. Unconscious (or implicit) bias is based on factors such as our background, culture, and experiences and is often prevalent in situations where we need to make quick decisions. It is affected by the way that (unconsciously) we order and categorize people on the basis of factors such as age, gender, or nationality and make assumptions about their qualities. This process is inevitable to some extent and reduces the time it takes to process data, but it also introduces bias.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Dr. Agarwal adds race, sexuality, disability, body size, and profession, etc. to the varied ways humans categorize people and from which bias develops.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Without realizing it unconscious bias may have devastating consequences to others, and to self. Agarwal asserts that we all have unconscious biases.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> We need awareness as we have a moral responsibility to address them, because there is no excuse for discriminatory behavior.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Key takeaways<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Humans have an inherent need to belong, so we look for and identify with an in-group.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>We all have multiple\/intersecting identities which define us. When we focus on just one identity, we get an incomplete picture.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stereotype threat is when one fears that their performance may be viewed from a biased lens and this fear in turn impacts performance.<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stereotypes whether positive or negative may not just impact behavior towards others, but also beliefs about self when identity, competence, social connectedness, and worth are challenged.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Stereotype threat was a new concept for me, one I recognized within myself and my experiences. With both an affective and cognitive impact that increases stress, anxiety, and a heightened self-conscious awareness of performance, stereotypical threat poses a great challenge to maintaining a well-differentiated self. Agarwal described the uncomfortable experience as, \u201c\u2026a sense of physical discomfort, as the interplay of a physiological stress response, increased monitoring of performance situation, and the regulation of negative thoughts and emotions.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> This threat may contribute to a feedback loop that internalizes bias, leading to negative beliefs about self and actions that support those beliefs.<\/p>\n<p>For example and by way of reflection, I never heard the following words from my parents, \u201cchildren should be seen and not heard.\u201d However, I recall being put in the hall for talking too much once in Kindergarten, 1<sup>st<\/sup> and 2<sup>nd<\/sup> grade. So great was my fear, by the time I reached 3<sup>rd<\/sup> grade I rarely spoke in class. I didn\u2019t want to be in trouble and my discomfort at school rose considerably. Along the way I picked up subtle clues that I was not good at math, science, and sports. I feared those subjects intensely. By the time I got to university there were other stereotypical threats that hindered me as a female. One of which arose from the campus fellowship I attended. To my great confusion the term \u201cJezebel spirit\u201d was tossed around. It seemed to be used when a woman was too assertive, had a different opinion, or didn\u2019t &#8220;submit.&#8221; While no one accused me of any of those things, it certainly curtailed using my voice at church. My temperament and personality were well suited for missionary work in Southeast Asia in which a \u201cquiet and gentle spirit\u201d were prized and yet I feared not fitting in, over-stepping my bounds in different cultural settings, and likely minimized my skills. Living as a racial minority, a foreigner, and an American meant there were both subtle and not so subtle microaggressions due to explicit and implicit bias. Given that I was the guest and a kind-hearted Christian, I overlooked them. It didn\u2019t mean that those experiences didn\u2019t hurt.<\/p>\n<p>These stereotypes reinforced the belief that my voice didn\u2019t matter and my place as a woman was as a competent helper, not a leader. My own awareness moves me toward empathy for others.<\/p>\n<p>What troubles me most is when unawareness of my own snap judgments based on my experiences, misunderstandings, and a one-dimensional view of another\u2019s identity resulted in unconscious bias. As the brain science shows, it\u2019s easy to do when one is stressed and in a new or threatening environment. I am grateful for the experience of living among diverse people groups as this has proven beneficial in reducing unconscious bias. However, I\u2019m taking to heart the very helpful tips provided in the epilogue. I\u2019m encouraged as they relate to leadership skills noted by previous authors. Here is my condensed version of Dr. Agarwal\u2019s suggestions for tackling unconscious bias and stereotypes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Slow down and activate logical and rational thinking (This usually requires time to calm the body and process emotions)<\/li>\n<li>Recognize that our own unconscious bias from our upbringing and environment may impact our judgments<\/li>\n<li>Use generic language in order to avoid gendered norms and stereotypes<\/li>\n<li>Create safe, non-judgmental spaces to discuss bias and microaggressions<\/li>\n<li>If I am the micro-aggressor: use empathy, listen without becoming defensive, acknowledge the unconscious bias, and become an ally<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As Christians, we understand the desire to belong and the need for community are part of our design and calling. As we embark on a journey to become our truest selves in Christ, addressing our unconscious bias presents a new invitation to move us closer to that transformation. God has given us a new way of living together in community. A key aspect of that community is seeking and asking for forgiveness.<\/p>\n<p>My reflection: Is there anyone I need to ask for forgiveness? Who might I need to forgive?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Pragya Agarwal, <em>Sway: Unraveling unconscious Bias<\/em> (London, UK: Bloomsbury Sigma, 2020), 15.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Agarwal, <em>Sway<\/em>, 11.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><sup><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong> [3]<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/sup>Emma Jeanes, <em>A Dictionary of Organizational Behaviour<\/em>, 2019. Accessed March 11, 2024.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/display\/10.1093\/acref\/9780191843273.001.0001\/acref-9780191843273-e-304\">https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/display\/10.1093\/acref\/9780191843273.001.0001\/acref-9780191843273-e-304<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Agarwal, <em>Sway<\/em>, 18.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Salon London: Unravelling Unconscious Bias with Dr. Pragya Agarwal. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YqW87y97RYM\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YqW87y97RYM<\/a> \u00a0Accessed March 9, 2024.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Ibid., 414.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Ibid., 138.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Ibid., 139.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Ibid.,144-145.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Ibid., 139.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Ibid., 411-412.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reading Sway: Unravelling Unconscious Bias by Dr. Pragya Agarwal, is a reflective process. It&#8217;s uncomfortable discussing bias due to my intersecting identities as a Caucasian American woman. I&#8217;m feeling awkward acknowledging the unconscious bias I experience as a female and as a former expatriate, while simultaneously feeling regretful of my unintentional biases. I\u2019m painfully aware [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2310],"tags":[2489,2244],"class_list":["post-36584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-doctor-of-leadership-3","tag-dlgp02","tag-agarwal","cohort-dlgp02"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/184"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36584"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36884,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36584\/revisions\/36884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.georgefox.edu\/dlgp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}